Edinburgh scientists make MS and leukemia breakthrough

University of Edinburgh researchers based at the Roslin Institute have developed novel insights into how genes regulate the growth of cells crucial to the immune system, with potential therapeutic benefits for disease such as MS and leukemia.

The research, published in Nature Genetics, focused on white blood cells called macrophages. These cells are part of the body’s first line of defence against infection and work to clear the body of harmful bacteria and viruses. However, if their growth becomes uncontrolled the cell can turn on the body’s own tissues causing damage leading on to autoimmune disease. The improved understanding of the communication between the various genes responsible for the growth of cells like macrophages could help researchers to identify ways of combating diseases such as MS, arthritis and even types of leukemia.

It was previously thought that a group of master genes was responsible for controlling the growth of cells which cause such conditions. In light of the group´s new research it now appears there are actually hundreds of genes involved all interacting with each other. It is also thought that variations in this communication network could help explain why these diseases then develop in different ways.

Professor David Hume, of the University of Edinburgh's Roslin Institute, who led the study, said: "This study has effectively shown us where the brakes are which could slow down or stop diseases like cancer and multiple sclerosis. We believe this could lead to treatments and cures for many diseases of the immune system."

The study was conducted as part of the FANTOM (Functional Annotation of the Mammalian cDNA) consortium, which involves scientists at the Roslin Institute working together with groups from around the globe, including collaborators from Japan, Australia and America, as well as several more from across Europe.

The research group now aims to identify potential weak spots in the gene network, which could be exploited to stop the uncontrolled growth of cells and ultimately prevent any damage caused. With these goals in mind scientists plan to extend the project with new funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council to look at the way genes communicate to control immunity in livestock animals.